Compare and contrast paper on Natural Gas vs Propane Essay

Compare and contrast paper on Natural Gas vs Propane - Essay Example pectives, and thereby provide a solution for a replacement for the more polluting fossil fuels of coal and petroleum is found to continue to drive human activity, till such time technology makes renewable energy a feasible solution. Propane is a gas at normal temperature and pressure. The chemical formula of propane is C3H8. It has high energy content, which makes it suitable as a fuel. Propane along with ethane and butane are present in natural gas and oil, from which it is separated at the refineries from crude oil or natural gas. The amount of propane that can be extracted from natural gas and crude oil are approximately the same. (1). The physical properties of propane are a boiling point of -44 degrees F; specific gravity of propane gas 1.52; and specific gravity of liquid propane 0.51. Other physical properties of propane relevant to its use as a fuel include lower limit of flammability 2.15; upper limit of flammability 9.60; Flash Point -156 degrees F; ignition temperature in air; 920-1020 degrees F; maximum flame temperature 3595 degrees F; and an octane number above 100. One cubic foot of propane is estimated to give 2516 BTUs. (2). Natural gas as the name suggests is a gas at normal temperature and pressure, and is a gas at any temperature above 161 degrees F. It has no chemical formula as it is a mixture of gases consisting of methane, ethane, propane, butanes, pentanes, carbon dioxide, oxygen, nitrogen, hydrogen sulfide and rare gases. The proportion of these gases in natural gases varies, making it difficult to have a fixed physical characteristic for natural gas. However the primary constituent in natural gas is methane, up to ninety percent and so natural gas tends to have the properties of methane in being highly inflammable, burns easily and almost totally. Natural gas cooled to a temperature of -260 degrees F at atmospheric pressure become a liquid, which is called liquefied natural gas(LNG), In this form it occupies only about one 1/600th the

Literature of the African Diaspora Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Literature of the African Diaspora - Essay Example Of great interest when studying Callaloo is the establishment of exactly how the persons of African heritage are able to claim their multiple identities and especially so in light of despite persons of a diaspora essentially inhabiting a number of different these persons are nevertheless unable to call these different places home. Black persons of the African diaspora tend to adapt or create a number of new identities as they continuously move from place to place. In his book, Reversing sail, Gomez points out that the relatively small trickle of African slaves that had been captured as slaves during the fifteenth century eventually evolved into becoming a veritable flood by the end of the seventeenth century. Within a time period of ten years after Columbus’ maiden voyage in 1492, numerous enslaved Africans were enslaved in the New World along with a number of other slaves drawn from Portugal and the Canaries and sources as experienced sugarcane planters. Of particular note is the fact that by 1560, the total number of African slaves was seen to greatly outnumber Europeans in Hispaniola and Cuba, this impressive growth in number eventually saw the number of African outnumber that of Europeans in Vera Cruz and Mexico City by 1570 (62-63). Numerous countries across Europe were seen to join in the slave trade in a move that saw an approximated 6.5 million Africans get shipped out of the African continent between 1700 and 1810. During this period, more European nations were seen to get involved in the slave trade. Some of these nations included Denmark, Britain, France, Portugal, Holland, Sweden and Spain. A number of other non-European countries such as Brazil and the United States also joined the slave trade (Gomez 64). By participating in the slave trade these countries were seen to essentially promote the spread of the Black African diaspora as a review of the regions from which they were drawn from can be seen to essentially reveal a considerable degree of complexity not only in respect to culture and language, but also as pertaining to the different forms of government, technology, regional and trans-regional commerce and agriculture. The Africans transported into the various different regions across the world were to eventually face systems that were essentially quite diverse resulting in increased diversity and multiplicity on the part of these Africans. The Development of the African Class of Mixed Heritage (Mulatto) and their Attempts at Acceptance by Whites Although the questions pertaining to race were seen to be a complex matter in most of the regions that the Africans had been enslaved, it was generally found to be quite complex in some regions such as in Saint Domingue where there arose a class of free blacks or affranchis. This class of free blacks was seen to primarily comprise of persons of mixed ancestry who were mostly women and numbered an estimated 27,000 in 1789. This new class of citizenry owned about 25 percent of the African slave population and accounted for 11 percent of Saint Domingue’s urban population. About two thirds of these citizens were the product of white slave holders and enslaved females and children born out of such unions were born as free men. The affranchis population quickly expanded and by the middle of the eighteenth century, they were able to be widely